Неправильные глаголы (irregular verbs) образуют прошедшее время не по правилу - не с помощью окончания -ed, а по-своему: go - went - gone, see - saw - seen. Их нужно просто запомнить. В таблице - самые нужные неправильные глаголы с транскрипцией и переводом, удобно для школьников.
В каждой строке три формы: основная (verb), прошедшее время (Past Simple) и причастие прошедшего времени (Past Participle), которое нужно для времён Perfect и пассивного залога.
Таблица неправильных глаголов
| Глагол | Past Simple | Past Participle | Перевод |
|---|---|---|---|
| be [biː] | was [wɒz], were [wɜː] | been [biːn] | быть |
| beat [biːt] | beat [biːt] | beaten [ˈbiːtn] | бить |
| become [bɪˈkʌm] | became [bɪˈkeɪm] | become [bɪˈkʌm] | становиться |
| begin [bɪˈɡɪn] | began [bɪˈɡæn] | begun [bɪˈɡʌn] | начинать |
| bleed [bliːd] | bled [bled] | bled [bled] | кровоточить |
| blow [bləʊ] | blew [bluː] | blown [bləʊn] | дуть |
| break [breɪk] | broke [brəʊk] | broken [ˈbrəʊk(ə)n] | ломать |
| bring [brɪŋ] | brought [brɔːt] | brought [brɔːt] | приносить |
| build [bɪld] | built [bɪlt] | built [bɪlt] | строить |
| burn [bɜːn] | burnt [bɜːnt] | burnt [bɜːnt] | гореть |
| burst [bɜːst] | burst [bɜːst] | burst [bɜːst] | лопаться, взрываться |
| buy [baɪ] | bought [bɔːt] | bought [bɔːt] | покупать |
| catch [kætʃ] | caught [kɔːt] | caught [kɔːt] | ловить, хватать, успеть |
| choose [tʃuːz] | chose [tʃəʊz] | chosen [tʃəʊz(ə)n] | выбирать |
| come [kʌm] | came [keɪm] | come [kʌm] | приходить |
| cost [kɒst] | cost [kɒst] | cost [kɒst] | стоить |
| creep [kriːp] | crept [krept] | crept [krept] | ползать |
| cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | резать |
| do [duː] | did [dɪd] | done [dʌn] | делать |
| draw [drɔː] | drew [druː] | drawn [drɔːn] | рисовать, тащить |
| dream [driːm] | dreamt [dremt] | dreamt [dremt] | мечтать, видеть сны |
| drink [drɪŋk] | drank [dræŋk] | drunk [drʌŋk] | пить |
| drive [draɪv] | drove [drəʊv] | driven [ˈdrɪvn] | водить |
| eat [iːt] | ate [et] | eaten [ˈiːtn] | есть |
| fall [fɔːl] | fell [fel] | fallen [ˈfɔːlən] | падать |
| feed [fiːd] | fed [fed] | fed [fed] | кормить |
| feel [fiːl] | felt [felt] | felt [felt] | чувствовать |
| fight [faɪt] | fought [fɔːt] | fought [fɔːt] | бороться |
| find [faɪnd] | found [faʊnd] | found [faʊnd] | находить |
| fit [fɪt] | fit [fɪt] | fit [fɪt] | подходить по размеру |
| fly [flaɪ] | flew [fluː] | flown [fləʊn] | летать |
| forget [fəˈɡet] | forgot [fəˈɡɒt] | forgotten [fəˈɡɒt(ə)n] | забывать |
| forgive [fəˈɡɪv] | forgave [fəˈɡeɪv] | forgiven [fəˈɡɪvn] | прощать |
| freeze [friːz] | froze [frəʊz] | frozen [ˈfrəʊzn] | замерзать |
| get [ɡet] | got [ɡɒt] | got [ɡɒt] | получать |
| give [ɡɪv] | gave [ɡeɪv] | given [ɡɪvn] | давать |
| go [ɡəʊ] | went [went] | gone [ɡɒn] | идти |
| grow [ɡrəʊ] | grew [ɡruː] | grown [ɡrəʊn] | расти |
| hang [hæŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] | вешать |
| have [hæv] | had [hæd] | had [hæd] | иметь |
| hear [hɪə] | heard [hɜːd] | heard [hɜːd] | слышать |
| hide [haɪd] | hid [hɪd] | hidden [ˈhɪdn] | прятать |
| hit [hɪt] | hit [hɪt] | hit [hɪt] | ударять, попадать |
| hold [həʊld] | held [held] | held [held] | держать |
| hurt [hɜːt] | hurt [hɜːt] | hurt [hɜːt] | ушибить |
| keep [kiːp] | kept [kept] | kept [kept] | держать, хранить |
| kneel [niːl] | knelt [nelt] | knelt [nelt] | стоять на коленях |
| know [nəʊ] | knew [njuː] | known [nəʊn] | знать |
| lay [leɪ] | laid [leɪd] | laid [leɪd] | класть |
| lead [liːd] | led [led] | led [led] | вести |
| lean [liːn] | leant [lent] | leant [lent] | наклоняться |
| learn [lɜːn] | learnt [lɜːnt] | learnt [lɜːnt] | учить |
| leave [liːv] | left [left] | left [left] | оставлять |
| lend [lend] | lent [lent] | lent [lent] | давать взаймы, одалживать |
| let [let] | let [let] | let [let] | позволять |
| lie [laɪ] | lay [leɪ] | lain [leɪn] | лежать |
| light [laɪt] | lit [lɪt] | lit [lɪt] | освещать |
| lose [luːz] | lost [lɒst] | lost [lɒst] | терять |
| make [meɪk] | made [meɪd] | made [meɪd] | делать, изготавливать |
| mean [miːn] | meant [ment] | meant [ment] | значить |
| meet [miːt] | met [met] | met [met] | встречать |
| mistake [mɪsˈteɪk] | mistook [mɪsˈtʊk] | mistaken [mɪsˈteɪk(ə)n] | ошибаться |
| pay [peɪ] | paid [peɪd] | paid [peɪd] | платить |
| prove [pruːv] | proved [pruːvd] | proven [pruːvn] | доказывать |
| put [pʊt] | put [pʊt] | put [pʊt] | класть, ставить |
| quit [kwɪt] | quit [kwɪt] | quit [kwɪt] | бросать, прекращать |
| read [riːd] | read [red] | read [red] | читать |
| ride [raɪd] | rode [rəʊd] | ridden [ˈrɪdn] | ездить верхом |
| ring [rɪŋ] | rang [ræŋ] | rung [rʌŋ] | звенеть |
| rise [raɪz] | rose [rəʊz] | risen [ˈrɪzn] | подниматься |
| run [rʌn] | ran [ræn] | run [rʌn] | бежать |
| say [seɪ] | said [sed] | said [sed] | говорить |
| see [siː] | saw [sɔː] | seen [siːn] | видеть |
| seek [siːk] | sought [sɔːt] | sought [sɔːt] | искать |
| sell [sel] | sold [səʊld] | sold [səʊld] | продавать |
| send [send] | sent [sent] | sent [sent] | посылать |
| set [set] | set [set] | set [set] | ставить |
| sew [səʊ] | sewed [səʊd] | sewn [səʊn] | шить |
| shake [ʃeɪk] | shook [ʃʊk] | shaken [ˈʃeɪk(ə)n] | встряхивать |
| show [ʃəʊ] | showed [ʃəʊd] | shown [ʃəʊn] | показывать |
| shrink [ʃrɪŋk] | shrank [ʃræŋk] | shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] | уменьшать |
| shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | закрывать |
| sing [sɪŋ] | sang [sæŋ] | sung [sʌŋ] | петь |
| sink [sɪŋk] | sank [sæŋk], sunk [sʌŋk] | sunk [sʌŋk] | тонуть |
| sit [sɪt] | sat [sæt] | sat [sæt] | сидеть |
| sleep [sliːp] | slept [slept] | slept [slept] | спать |
| slide [slaɪd] | slid [slɪd] | slid [slɪd] | скользить |
| sow [səʊ] | sowed [səʊd] | sown [səʊn] | сеять |
| speak [spiːk] | spoke [spəʊk] | spoken [ˈspəʊk(ə)n] | говорить |
| spell [spel] | spelt [spelt] | spelt [spelt] | произносить по буквам |
| spend [spend] | spent [spent] | spent [spent] | тратить |
| spill [spɪl] | spilt [spɪlt] | spilt [spɪlt] | проливать |
| spoil [spɒɪl] | spoilt [spɒɪlt] | spoilt [spɒɪlt] | портить |
| spread [spred] | spread [spred] | spread [spred] | расстилать |
| spring [sprɪŋ] | sprang [spræŋ] | sprung [sprʌŋ] | прыгать |
| stand [stænd] | stood [stʊd] | stood [stʊd] | стоять |
| steal [stiːl] | stole [stəʊl] | stolen [ˈstəʊlən] | красть |
| stick [stɪk] | stuck [stʌk] | stuck [stʌk] | приклеивать, втыкать |
| sting [stɪŋ] | stung [stʌŋ] | stung [stʌŋ] | жалить |
| sweep [swiːp] | swept [swept] | swept [swept] | выметать |
| swell [swel] | swelled [sweld] | swollen [ˈswəʊl(ə)n] | разбухать |
| swim [swɪm] | swam [swæm] | swum [swʌm] | плавать |
| swing [swɪŋ] | swung [swʌŋ] | swung [swʌŋ] | качать |
| take [teɪk] | took [tʊk] | taken [ˈteɪk(ə)n] | брать, взять |
| teach [tiːtʃ] | taught [tɔːt] | taught [tɔːt] | учить |
| tear [tɛə] | tore [tɔː] | torn [tɔːn] | рвать |
| tell [tel] | told [təʊld] | told [təʊld] | рассказывать |
| think [θɪŋk] | thought [θɔːt] | thought [θɔːt] | думать |
| throw [θrəʊ] | threw [θruː] | thrown [θrəʊn] | бросать |
| understand [ʌndəˈstænd] | understood [ˌʌndəˈstʊd] | understood [ˌʌndəˈstʊd] | понимать |
| wake [weɪk] | woke [wəʊk] | woken [ˈwəʊk(ə)n] | просыпаться |
| wear [wɛə] | wore [wɔː] | worn [wɔːn] | носить |
| weep [wiːp] | wept [wept] | wept [wept] | плакать |
| wet [wet] | wet [wet] | wet [wet] | мочить |
| win [wɪn] | won [wʌn] | won [wʌn] | выигрывать |
| wind [waɪnd] | wound [waʊnd] | wound [waʊnd] | извиваться |
| write [raɪt] | wrote [rəʊt] | written [ˈrɪtn] | писать |
Как учить неправильные глаголы
- Группами. Учите глаголы, которые изменяются одинаково: cut - cut - cut, put - put - put (все три формы совпадают), bring - brought - brought, buy - bought - bought (две последние одинаковые), drink - drank - drunk, sing - sang - sung (i - a - u).
- По 5-7 глаголов в день. Проговаривайте все три формы вслух, как стишок: begin - began - begun.
- В предложениях. Составьте с каждым глаголом короткое предложение: Yesterday I went to the park.
Подробнее о том, как выучить неправильные глаголы с ребёнком, - в статье «Как легко и быстро выучить английские неправильные глаголы ребёнку».
Печатные материалы по теме: плакат «30 неправильных глаголов» для кабинета, рабочий лист - заполнить формы глаголов.
